This suggests that the industry - seen as the country’s main potential driver of economic growth thanks to the support of companies like Intel over the next decade - could hit the skids.

Eugene Kandel, head of Start-Up Nation Central which published the report with the Israel Innovation Authority, said that while the number of high-tech workers in Israel had grown over the past five years, their percentage of the labour force remained unchanged.

“It is becoming increasingly clear that the required growth will not be possible if the country’s supply of tech workers is inadequate. Tech companies are struggling to find tech professionals, with many already finding (them) overseas”, he said.

The number of tech workers - who earn more than double the average wage - grew to 280,000 in 2017 from 240,000 in 2013 but represent only eight percent of the workforce, down from nearly 10 per cent in 2008.

Investment into high-tech has soared, with venture capital funding exceeding $5 billion in 2017 and closing in on $6.5 billion this year. The number of multinationals operating development centres in Israel jumped to nearly 350 in 2016 from around 50 in 2000. The sector accounts for about 45 percent of Israel’s exports. But about 15,300 positions remain open.

This means that Israeli companies are opening development centres overseas, mainly in Ukraine but also in the United States, Russia and India. Several dozen firms have also taken advantage of a rapid process established by the government in 2018 to obtain special visas for foreign tech workers.

But in the long term, more initiatives are needed to increase the pool of workers, Kandel told reporters. There is great potential among women, who represent only 23 percent of tech workers, as well the largely untapped Arab and ultra-Orthodox Jewish sectors.

Arabs account for only three percent of tech workers, but this is expected to change soon as 18 percent of all computer science students today are Arab, similar to their share of the population.

One obstacle for their employment in high-tech is that they live far from the country’s centre.

Aharon Aharon, head of the government’s Innovation Authority, said he would launch two plans in the first quarter of 2019 - one to provide incentives in building an innovation ecosystem in the periphery and another to encourage tech companies to open branches outside of the centre.